Ocean currents explained: the map, the types and the climate
An ocean currents map is really two maps printed on top of each other. Wind drives the top few hundred metres; density drives everything below.
Observations from the station network, the two-hour outlook for all 47 forecast areas, and the four-day forecast. Read directly from the meteorological service each time this page loads.
Observations, forecasts and one computed value.
Two different kinds of number sit on this page and it is worth keeping them apart. An observation is a measurement that has already happened: the air temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall are readings taken across a station network and published with the minute they were taken. A forecast is a statement about what has not happened yet, and it carries a validity window rather than a timestamp.
The island high is the warmest station currently reporting, not an average. How many stations that is varies: the feed returns whichever were reporting when the page loaded, which is sometimes a dozen and sometimes one, and the count is shown. When several report during a shower over one part of the island the spread between them can be a few degrees, so a single islandwide temperature would be a fiction — which is why the low is shown beside it and the station is named. Humidity and wind are means across the reporting stations, and those are labelled as means.
One value on the panel is neither an observation nor a forecast. Feels like is the heat index published by the United States National Weather Service, applied to the measured temperature and humidity by this page. It is a formula with a stated valid range, it is labelled as computed, and below the bottom of its range the panel shows the measured temperature instead of extrapolating a number the formula was never meant to produce.
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Meteorological Service Singapore, via the national open-data service read at page load
Today's reading against the instrumental record.
An ocean currents map is really two maps printed on top of each other. Wind drives the top few hundred metres; density drives everything below.
The sun stays down for more than a day. Where can the polar night be seen, how dark it really gets, and the four grades of darkness inside the polar circles.
A climate scientist at Reading stripped the axes, the legend and the numbers off the temperature record. Removing information is what made it travel.
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